As for those pesky pencils, Liptrap followed her coach’s advice and now begins class by announcing that everybody should have two adequately-tipped pencils, because there will be no sharpening during the lesson.

“It didn’t take but one day of that for the kids to get it,” said Liptrap, whose coach helped her cure several other class-management hiccups.

But virtual coaches can be anywhere. Their services can be purchased a la carte, and they can observe a class any time a teacher uploads video. In most cases, teachers can make videos with an iPad or similar device with a wide-angle view that lets a coach see both teacher and students—noting how many kids raise their hands or stare out the window.

“We wanted to extend our reach and give teachers more feedback at a classroom level without always having to send in a large team of people,” said Karla Oakley, senior strategist with The New Teacher Project (TNTP), a nonprofit that started offering virtual coaching in 2013, augmenting the in-school support services they have provided for nearly two decades.

TNTP virtual coaches use BloomBoard, an application that lets them insert time-stamped comments and questions alongside teacher videos. Teachers can view, sort and respond to these comments, which include thumbnail links to the corresponding video clips.

Virtual coaching sessions are “very proactive and very action-oriented,” said Lauren Vargas, a virtual coach with EdConnective. For example, if a teacher wants to give clearer and more concise directions to students, Vargas will play back (or read back) the directions the teacher gave in a previous class. Then, she’ll have the teacher practice a new approach “in their teacher voice” until the teacher gets the hang of it, and she’ll follow up in the next session to see how it went in front of actual students.

There’s a stigma that teachers who need coaching aren’t up to snuff, admits Oakley of TNTP, but she counters with an analogy to professional athletes. “They are the best and are paid millions, and they still have a fleet of coaches watching everything they do,” she said.

“I always ask my staff if anyone’s interested. It’s opt in,” said Michael Roth, the principal at Olney Elementary, a Philadelphia public school that uses EdConnective. “My mantra is that I want my teachers to go from good to great.”

Lauren Vargas, a virtual coach with EdConnective, works with a third grade teacher via video, while sitting at her dining room table in Philadelphia. Photo: Lauren Vargas

After several years of teaching, Roth joined a staff of teacher coaches at a charter school, positions made possible by a large federal grant. When Roth started at Olney two years ago, he wanted coaches but didn’t have the funds to hire anyone full-time. EdConnective offers coaching session s of from one to six weeks, ranging in price from $835 to $1500. Roth makes sure teachers know that coaching is not an evaluation and that the sessions are private, a promise enhanced by using coaches who aren’t on staff.

“My coach was almost like a fairy godmother,” said Valerie Amer, a veteran teacher at Olney who wanted to push her third-graders to think more deeply about math. “I could try new things in class and talk about it with her, without worrying that she was reporting back to Mr. Roth.”

Giving teachers ownership of professional development was the main idea behind a virtual coaching platform developed in 2013 by the folks at Teaching Channel, an online catalogue of videos that demonstrate great teaching and lesson planning how-tos. The subscription service, called Teaching Channel Teams, was developed with the Academy for Urban School Leadership, a Chicago nonprofit that pairs newer teachers in Chicago public schools with trained mentor teachers. The centerpiece is a video player that lets viewers insert time-stamped notes and hold online discussions with other teachers. Only team members have access to that content, and even within a team two teachers can keep their exchanges private.

About 50,000 teachers have so far used the platform to coach and be coached, and to collaborate, according to Erika Nielsen Andrew, Teaching Channel’s chief academic officer. Two years ago, Jennifer Wolfe and Erin Gilrein, teachers at Oceanside High School on New York’s Long Island, used Teams to create a teacher-mentoring program. Both Wolfe and Gilrein have been certified by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards, a national nonprofit created in 1987 to recognize the highest standards in K-12 teaching. Now, every novice teacher in the Oceanside district is matched with a National Board Certified teacher who coaches the novice using five classroom videos uploaded over the course of the year.

“Being a good mentor means spending time in the classroom,” said Gilrein, and the only way to do that in a district the size of Oceanside was through technology. She gives district administrators credit for supporting the program while also agreeing that only teachers could access the videos and feedback on the Teams platform.

“We understand the vulnerability that comes from videotaping your practice,” said Gilrein. “It can be nerve-racking for a new teacher.”

Whether virtual coaching can improve student achievement is the key question, of course. For now, there’s little hard data to offer an answer. Two independent studies of Teaching Channel Teams, one funded by the National Science Foundation and another by the Spencer Foundation, are underway but won’t be done for three years. Meanwhile, both EdConnective and TNTP’s virtual coaches have increasingly asked teachers to upload scans of student work, along with teaching videos, to keep tabs on how new classroom strategies affect learning.

“The bottom line for every teacher I’ve worked with is that they care about improving student learning,” said Vargas, the EdConnective coach. “And what’s beautiful about teaching is that there’s always room to grow. Every year is a new crop of kids and a fresh start.”

This story was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Read more about blended learning.

Chris Berdik is a science journalist who has written about a wide variety of topics, including the intersection of science with ethical issues and the peculiarities of the human brain. (“Why Our Brains Make Us Laugh,” for the Boston Globe, for example.) His book, Mind Over Mind: The Surprising Power of Expectations, was published by Current, an imprint of Penguin, in 2012.