The Chicago Manual of Style is a widely used citation style for various academic and non-academic works. The use of “Ibid” in this style is an important aspect to master, since it enables the writer to efficiently reference sources that have been cited previously. In this article, we will explore the 7 steps to using “Ibid” in Chicago Style.

1.Understand when to use Ibid:

“Ibid” is a Latin abbreviation for “ibidem,” meaning “in the same place.” In Chicago Style, use it when referring to the same source as the immediate preceding citation. This minimizes repetition and keeps your work concise.

2.Familiarize yourself with footnotes and endnotes:

Chicago Style features two main types of citation – footnotes (found at the bottom of the page) and endnotes (collected at the end of a chapter or article). Ensure you are comfortable with both formats before attempting to incorporate “Ibid.”

3.Identify repeat citations:

Locate instances in your text where you have cited the same source multiple times. These are the perfect candidates for using “Ibid.”

4.Replace repeat citations with Ibid:

Once you’ve identified repeat citations, replace their full citation details with “Ibid.” Remember, it should be used only when referencing the immediate preceding citation.

5.Use lowercase ‘i’ and a period after Ibid:

Write “Ibid” with a lowercase ‘i’ followed by a period (e.g., ibid.). This is particularly important in Chicago Style citations, which emphasize consistency and professionalism.

6.Add page numbers when necessary:

If you’d like to refer to a different page within the same source, provide the new page number after “ibid.” For example: ibid., 42. If referencing consecutive pages within the same source, simply add those page numbers: ibid., 42-43. If the same page is being referenced again, there is no need to include the page number again, just use “ibid.” by itself.

7.Double-check your work:

Once you have completed your citations, review your work to ensure that the use of “Ibid” is correct and consistent. Verify that each instance of it directly follows a citation to the same source.

In conclusion, mastering the use of “Ibid” in Chicago Style citations will not only save you time and space but also lend your work a professional touch. Follow these 7 steps to seamlessly incorporate it into your writing and reap the benefits of a well-cited, polished document.