Exercise has long been known to benefit physical health, but research increasingly shows that certain types of physical activity can also significantly improve brain function and structure. According to a leading neuroscientist, the absolute best exercise for brain health is aerobic exercise, also known as cardio.

Aerobic exercise, which includes activities such as walking, running, swimming, and cycling, has been shown to have a profound impact on the brain. This is because it increases heart rate, which in turn increases the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain. This increased blood flow stimulates the release of hormones that provide an excellent environment for the growth of brain cells.

The neuroscientist points out that aerobic exercise can lead to improved memory and thinking skills. It stimulates the growth of new blood vessels in the brain and increases the abundance and survival of new brain cells. Specifically, it has a positive effect on the hippocampus—the part of the brain that is involved in memory and learning—which often shrinks as we age.

Furthermore, regular aerobic exercise can significantly lower the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Studies have found that individuals who engage in regular aerobic activity have a reduced decline in brain volume as they get older. This kind of exercise has also been shown to counteract the effects of chronic stress by reducing levels of the body’s stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol.

Another benefit highlighted is improved mood. Aerobic exercises stimulate the production of endorphins, neurotransmitters known as ‘feel-good’ hormones that can help alleviate feelings of depression and anxiety.

In addition to aerobic exercise, incorporating strength training and coordination exercises can further enhance cognitive function by challenging the brain in new ways and fostering neural plasticity—that is, the brain’s ability to change and adapt as a result of experience.

While there are many forms of exercise beneficial for health, when it comes to brain health specifically, aerobic activity reigns supreme according to neuroscience research. So lace up those sneakers or hop on that bike—your brain will thank you for every step or pedal stroke you take towards its well-being!