Introduction:

A periscope is a simple yet fascinating instrument that enables users to see over and around obstacles. First used in submarines, periscopes have many practical applications, from science experiments to simple fun. Making a periscope is an engaging project for children and adults alike. Here’s how you can create your own periscope in just 15 steps.

Materials needed:

1. Two small mirrors (preferably 2 inches by 2 inches)

2. A long cardboard tube or PVC pipe

3. Duct tape or masking tape

4. Scissors

5. Ruler

6. Pencil or marker

7. Glue

8. Straight edge or protractor

Instructions:

1. Gather all the necessary materials for constructing the periscope.

2. Choose a cardboard tube or PVC pipe that is long enough for your desired viewing distance, preferably around two feet.

3. Measure the width of your mirrors and mark it on the top edge of the tube or pipe with your pencil or marker.

4. Cut two 45-degree angles at either end of the tube or pipe, using the marked points as guides.

5. Ensure that both cuts are in line with each other so that one end looks like an arrowhead shape and the other end appears as a reverse arrowhead shape.

6. Insert one mirror into the top opening of the tube or pipe at a 45-degree angle, aligning it with the cuts you made earlier.

7. Secure the mirror in place by applying duct tape or masking tape along its edges.

8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for inserting the second mirror into the bottom opening of the tube or pipe.

9. Use glue to reinforce the mirrors’ position by applying it to their edges where they meet with the tube or pipe interior wall.

10. Allow some time for the glue to dry as per the manufacturer’s recommendation.

11. Now, trim any excess tape on the exterior of your tube or pipe to make it look neat and presentable.

12. Check the alignment of both mirrors by looking through the bottom hole of your periscope. If you can see a reflected image from the top mirror, then the mirrors are correctly positioned.

13. If necessary, adjust the mirrors’ angles to achieve optimum reflection and clear visibility.

14. Create an optional handle for your periscope by cutting a small strip of cardboard and attaching it to the side of your tube or pipe using duct tape or glue.

15. Your periscope is now complete! You can start having fun exploring above and around obstacles, playing games, or experimenting with different methods of observation.

Conclusion:

Making a periscope is an enjoyable and educational project for people of all ages. By following these 15 simple steps, you’ll have a fully functional periscope that not only offers an engaging learning experience but also endless entertainment. Happy exploring!